Sources
© 2026 Noam Sellam. Instant desk.
The Torah text in this application and on this page is adapted from Miqra according to the Masorah (מקרא על פי המסורה), a digital edition based on the Aleppo Codex and related manuscripts, edited on Hebrew Wikisource by User:Dovi and contributors. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/מקרא_על_פי_המסורה. Changes: markup removed; nikud-only text derived by stripping te’amim, meteg, and paseq. No letter, vowel, or accent is otherwise changed. Distributed via Sefaria (sefaria.org).
Targum Onkelos, vocalized according to the Yemenite Taj (תרגום אונקלוס, מנוקד לפי תאג׳ תימני), Hebrew Wikisource. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Title page: https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/תרגום_אונקלוס. Changes: bidirectional controls removed and whitespace collapsed. No letter, vowel, or punctuation is changed. Distributed via Sefaria. Wikisource requires attribution by a direct link to that title page.
Rashi, Hebrew, from Pentateuch with Rashi’s Commentary, M. Rosenbaum and A. M. Silbermann (eds.), London, 1929–1934, digitized by Sefaria. Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Numbers uses Sefaria’s corrected-vocalization variant of the same edition. Changes: markup removed; the opening lemma split out; nine doubled vowels from digitization collapsed.
Ibn Ezra, Hebrew, from the “On Your Way” edition (tora.ws, mobile.tora.ws), unpointed; on Exodus, the long commentary. Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Changes: markup removed; the opening phrase split out; the introductions not included. No letter, vowel, or punctuation is changed. Distributed via Sefaria.
Ramban, Hebrew. Genesis from Sefaria’s Vocalized Edition, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Leviticus and Deuteronomy from the “On Your Way” edition (tora.ws), Numbers from Sefaria’s Vocalized Edition, public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Exodus has no openly licensed edition, so none is included. Changes: markup removed; the opening phrase split out; the introductions not included. No letter, vowel, or punctuation is changed. Distributed via Sefaria.
Rabbeinu Bahya, Hebrew, from Midrash Rabbeinu Bachya [ben Asher], Warsaw, 1878 (copy in the National Library of Israel). Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Changes: markup removed; the opening phrase split out; the introduction not included. No letter, vowel, or punctuation is changed. Distributed via Sefaria.
Ralbag, Hebrew, from Perush al HaTorah, Venice, 1547 (copy in the National Library of Israel), digitized by Sefaria: the word glosses (Beur HaMilot) and the explanation with its to’aliyot. Public domain (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/). Changes: markup removed; the opening phrase split out; each essay paragraph tagged by its own header and grouped into its passage; the introduction not included. No letter, vowel, or punctuation is changed. Distributed via Sefaria.
Maftir and combined-reading aliyot from Hebcal @hebcal/leyning (src/aliyot.json), BSD-2-Clause, Copyright (c) 2020, hebcal (https://github.com/hebcal/hebcal-leyning). The weekly calendar (ישראל / חו״ל) and the festival readings, Hebrew years 5786–5800, are tables emitted once from @hebcal/leyning 10.1.0 (BSD-2-Clause), @hebcal/core 6.13.0 (GPL-2.0) and @hebcal/hdate 0.23.0 (GPL-2.0). Only the tables are distributed; no Hebcal code.
The Mikra and Onkelos are CC BY-SA 4.0, so the text pack and any page that reproduces them are too. Ramban on Genesis is CC BY 4.0.
Fonts, separately, under the SIL Open Font License 1.1: Ezra SIL (SIL International) on the Chumash; Noto Sans Hebrew on the running head; Frank Ruhl Libre, Assistant, and IBM Plex Mono on this website.